What is Explosive Welding Plates?

Explosive Welding, that is, the metal composite plate produced by the explosive welding method (explosion welding method), explosive welding plate generally means the explosion of the metal composite plate. An explosive welding composite plate is a type of composite material plate manufactured by using explosive forming technology, and its manufacturing process involves multiple steps such as explosive forming, metal composite, and surface treatment.

Metal explosive welding technology is a composite material processing technology that utilizes the large energy generated by the instantaneous generation of explosives to instantly composite two or more types of similar or dissimilar materials together, and this technology can weld alloys with various properties, especially those that are not dissolved, into one piece.

Compared with the direct rolling composite method:

(1) loading speed, that is, the loading process is instantaneous ;

(2) Placed on the workpiece high-pressure pulse load, loading stress is much higher than the yield strength of the metal material;

(3) The bonding area shows wave-like metallurgical bonding characteristics;

Explosive welding composite plate history
Explosive composite discovery is the earliest in 1944, the American L.R. Karl (Carl) in a dynamite explosion test, accidentally found two bits of 1-inch diameter, thickness of .035 inches of thin brass discs, due to the sudden impact of the explosion and was welded together. In fact, in World War II, individuals the repair of wounded tanks, but additionally often discovered that tilted impact towards the tank on the shrapnel is going to be firmly welded towards the tank armor phenomenon, just throughout the war individuals have virtually no time to analyze it.

In 1947, the Siberian branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, the famous scientists M.A. Lavrentsev in the study of polymer bombs to penetrate the armor also found this phenomenon, within his dissertation formally referred to as “explosive welding”.

In the area of welding, the welding of different materials, such as steel and aluminum, steel and copper, is technically very difficult. And huge welding depth of welding can also be very difficult, if you wish to use conventional welding, shielding welding and other welding methods is going to be two 40mm thick wide plate welded right into a 80mm thick wide plate, it is estimated that no one will do. However, the explosive welding is ideal to solve the two problems simultaneously.

Explosive welding composite plate principle production method
Explosive welding is a composite plate manufacturing method that combines one or more materials right into a single piece using explosives as the energy source. Following the explosion of explosives, the blast products form a higher-pressure pulse load, directly acting on the compound plate, promoting the top-speed movement of the compound plate, within the collision reason for the compound plate as well as the substrate tilt collision, combined with violent plastic deformation as well as the formation of the jet, the jet eliminates the surface of the contamination layer, so that the welded metal flat plate with a clean surface in contact with one another at high temperatures and pressures, the 2 kinds of plate will realize the strong metallurgical bonding.

Explosive welding composite plate-specific production methods:

1. Explosion molding
Explosion molding is the first step within the creation of explosive welding composite plates. Within the explosion forming process, explosives in some conditions instantly detonated, the resulting high-pressure gas is going to be pushed towards the other side of the metal plate mold, so that the metal plate instantly to achieve the desired size and shape. This forming method is described as high precision and efficiency.

2. Metal composite
Within the explosion molding, the necessity for metal composite. This step is generally used in explosion welding or explosion crimping and other methods, two or more metal plates through the explosion energy combined together to create a composite material. Throughout the metal composite process, a metallurgical reaction occurs between different metals, forming a powerful metallurgical bond.

3.Surface treatment
Surface treatment is usually needed to improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the explosive welding plate. Widely used surface treatment methods include spraying, plating, chemical plating and so on. These methods can boost the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and aesthetics of the composite plate.

Explosive welding composite plate production process, although simple, flexible production, however the technical requirements are high, hard to accurately control, the parent material properties (toughness, impact properties, etc.), explosives properties (bursting speed stability, safety, etc.), the initial parameters (the amount of explosives per unit area, the base compound plate spacing, etc.) as well as the dynamic parameters (collision angle, the compound plate collision speed, etc.) of the choice and system coordination of the composite plate of the finished product yield and quality has a direct impact.

The composite interface consists of direct bonding area, melting layer and vortex. Atomic diffusion exists at the bonding interface, and severe plastic deformation with work hardening occurs in the bonding zone. The bonding surface has a wavy structure, which is helpful to the improvement of bonding strength and tensile strength.

Explosive welding plate performance
Explosive welding explosive welding plate is not going to alter the chemical composition and physical state of the original material, based on the actual needs of the composite material to be individually processed in to the required optimal state.

Explosive welding plate application performance is superb, can withstand cold, hot processing without changing the thickness of the mixture of materials than the mixture of composite materials is very high strength, usually higher than the lower side of the mixture of materials, which is unattainable by other technologies. The composite material is not going to delaminate or crack during subsequent heat treatment, leveling, cutting, rolling, spinning and other production.

For room temperature and 550 ? heat treatment of carbon steel surface layer (near the interface layer) has serious deformation caused by fibrous tissue and many fine particles, the center of the organization of ferrite plus pearlite; stainless steel interface for the second phase of point-like organization, the center of the needle-like organization. But by 650 ? treatment of carbon steel samples near the interface area of small particles of the organization disappeared (that could occur decarburization), the grain becomes coarse, the center of the organization continues to be ferrite plus pearlite, but can not observed in the business of the slip line produced by deformation; and in the stainless steel interface there are a lot of small black particles, titanium steel composite plate could be the decarburization of chromium carbide particles formed after the benefits of the fabric right into a whole, giving full play to the usage of different metal materials, and greatly save rare and rare materials, and the usage of different metal materials. The use of performance greatly saves rare metal materials, thus reducing the production price of equipment.

Weak demand and oversupply in Asia have pushed steelmakers in the area to develop supplies of low-carbon steel and iron, especially as the Jan. 31 reporting deadline for the European Union’s Carbon Boundary Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) draws nearer, market participants said.

The situation is further complicated by the fact that other Western countries, namely the U.S., want to introduce similar policies.

A Singaporean trader said, “Asian steel producers have not slowed down production and want to increase output, so we expect capacity additions to outpace demand growth, especially in the post-epidemic recovery period.” . “…… Products have to go somewhere. Producers can export to Europe, but this means they need to offer low-carbon products at competitive prices.”

Asia’s way to decarbonization has seen a number of breakthroughs, particularly as policymakers have committed to various climate targets and worked with public and private stakeholders to build up low-carbon technologies.

These investments have enabled steelmakers to explore commercially viable technologies and reliable causes of clean energy, namely direct reduction of iron from scrap or gas, or shifting to electric arc furnace steelmaking, which has a lower carbon intensity when compared with blast furnaces.

Paolo Frediani, senior analyst at Fastmarkets, said the marketplace is reacting towards the steadily growing demand for green steel, given the amount of pipeline investment.

“CBAM will surely give a major boost [in developing a green steel supply chain], but despite the advanced regulating steel emissions in Europe, the green steel premium is largely supported by the fact that increasingly more end-users are attempting to reduce their overall carbon footprint,” says Frediani. “Although this drive is stronger in certain regions than the others, it is being a global phenomenon.”

Explosive composite explosion welding advantages
Explosive composite this new process, new technology in a short period of time to obtain rapid development and wide application, the primary reason is that it has got the following four advantages:

(1) A number of composite materials can be combined it will make the melting point, strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and other performance differences are incredibly disparate metal combinations to achieve composite. Like aluminum – steel, titanium – steel. At present has realized the composite material combination of over 300 kinds, which is incomparable to other methods.

(2) Excellent material properties
Composite plate of the general design principle is to satisfy the mechanical properties of the structure of the base material, compound plate to meet the corrosion or wear resistance and other properties. Therefore, compared with a single metal plate, the composite plate makes full use of the best performance of the substrate, as well as the compound plate not just has got the required high strength but additionally has excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and other properties of high production efficiency.

(3) High production efficiency/high bond strength.
Explosive composite in a really short period of time, and may be welded over a large area, a place as high as 20 square meters or more, within the composite interface, dissimilar metals through the metal bond to achieve inter-atomic bonding is generally not under the a minimum of the effectiveness of the composite material constituting the respective parent body.

(4) Good economy
The use of explosion welding technology to produce composite plate products have both corrosion resistance of the compound layer and other functional characteristics and both the effectiveness of the grass-roots level and plastic toughness indicators, you can save precious metal resources, reduce costs.

Use of explosive welding plate
Composite materials produced by the explosive welding method continues to be widely used in petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding, electronics, electric power, metallurgy, machinery, aerospace, atomic energy and other industrial fields. The composite plate is carbon steel being a substrate, single-sided or multi-faceted with precious metals being a double layer of high-efficiency energy-saving new composite materials, composite by explosion welding of special processing technology, both with the corrosion resistance of precious metals, wear resistance, but additionally with carbon steel, good weldability, molding, extensibility, thermal conductivity; explosive welding plate is currently widely used within the petrochemical industry, metallurgy, salt production and alkali production, the water industry, Nuclear industry.

Shipbuilding
In shipbuilding, explosive welding plates may be used to manufacture hull structures, decks, bulkheads, etc. Because of its high strength and good corrosion resistance, the explosive welding plate can effectively improve the durability and repair life of the ship.

Aerospace
Within the aerospace field, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture airplane fuselage, wings, engine parts, etc. Because of its good thermal stability and strength, explosive welding composite plate can improve the performance and safety of aircraft.

Construction Industry
Within the construction industry, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture structural parts for bridges, high-rise buildings, highways, and so on. Because of its high strength and good corrosion resistance, explosive welding composite plate can improve the safety and repair life of buildings.

Automobile manufacturing
In automobile manufacturing, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture body structural parts, engine parts, and so on. Because of its lightweight, high strength, and good thermal stability, the explosive welding plate can improve the performance and safety of automobiles.

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